Introduction: This and similar studies show that surgeons can not rely on the immediate effect of scoring on the cartilage at the operation period. A straight septum on the operating table may deviate toward the opposite side by passing time.Materials and Methods: During a period of 5 years, 283 cases have undergone rhinoplasty and in 227 patients, septoplasty accompanied the operation. Patients were divided into two groups of 125 and 158 cases. In the first group, septal deviation was corrected mainly by cross hatching of the quadrilateral cartilage accompanied by other modalities. In latter group, who were operated on recently, different methods of rigid fixation of septum in addition to the previous classic manner were used.Results: The outcome was over correction of septum toward the opposite side in 18 cases of the first group. No more iatrogenic over correction of septum was diagnosed in the second group, (P<0.0001).Conclusions: We recommend rigid fixation for correction of septal deviation instead of simple cross notching

This work presents a computer-based analysis of semi-rigid steel frames. The geometric nonlinearity of the structure and the material nonlinearity of the connections are considered in the analysis. The critical load has been searched as a suitable load parameter for the loss of stability of the system. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the validity of the analysis procedure.

Contracts can be set in one of the two following ways: rigid or flexible. The first type focuses to foresee all the rights and obligations of both of the parties only through attaching importance to legal relations. The drawback of such contracts is their lack of adaptability with the possible future changes in the conditions which can lead to loosing opportunities. On the other hand, flexible contracts, especially used in long-term business relations, are adaptive to possible future changes as they establish balance among interpersonal, legal, and exchange relations. Flexibility is a beneficial skill that can be used when changes arise. According to surveys rigid contracts were favored in the past while flexible ones, due to their ability to keep pace with an accelerated world, are popular today. By its descriptive-analytic approach, the present research attempts to introduce flexible contracts and their benefits, and also the ways through which it is possible to make contracts flexible and keep their stability at the same time under the two headings of collaboration and visualisation.

Let X be a sufficiently nice scheme. We survey some recent progress on dualizing complexes. It turns out that a com-plex in K (Inj/X) is dualizing if and only if tensor product with it induces an equivalence of categories from Murfet's new category Km (Proj/X) to the category K (Inj/X). In these terms, it becomes interesting to wonder how to glue such equivalences.

Khorjini connections as the common connections in Iran have not a desirable_behavior against earthquake loads. Consequently, several researches have been conducted during two recent decades in Iran, to evaluate the behavior of these connections and expand their performance. This paper, introduces a new proposed detail as "Khorjini Connections with Peripheral Angles". In the current research, numerical analysis has been conducted using Ansys 8.0 Finite Element Code. Three kinds of these connections have been studied with non-linear behavior material as well as non-linear geometry, under cyclic loads. According to the results, these connections have a desirable behavior and adequate ductility.

Rigid and soft splints are used in septorhinplasty for fixation, prevention of adhesion, straightening of the septum, and repair of septum perforation. Recently surgeons have been using the soft splint, which has a channel through which the patient can breathe after septorhinoplasty with tampon. Instructions: One of the most important problems in septoplasty is the return of the deviation of the septum in the long term; i.e. if the septum has a convexity or concavity, despite the septoplasty, it tends to move to the previous situation. The reason is that the septum is not completely dissected, and this deviated part is stitched to the upper part or the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and in long time moves this deviated section. In septoplasty, we dissect the septum in lower –infront back part, and we keep the upper part. We create the swimming door if a deviation exist in this part in long term may be move to previous deviation. In septoplasty, after the dissection, the surgeon may be morselization or cut the septum and suture and fix the septum with tampon after eliminate the tampon till to 3-6 mount septum maybe deviate. We using rigid splint in long term (612mounths) and has good results in keeping septum straight mode.

By gradual change in structural design methods from strength based to performance based methods, typical existing frames could not satisfy the criteria of latter methods and if structures are designed by applying all related criteria, it will be an uneconomical design. Main problem in typical frames is imbalance between stiffness and ductility. To prevent large drifts, structures should have sufficient lateral stiffness and in order to absorb earthquake energy they must have high ductility. The goal of this research is to study the seismic performance of rigid and semi-rigid steel frames and the effects of adding friction dampers to such structures. In this paper, semi-rigid connections are supposed to yield and dissipate energy like dampers. For this purpose, 5-story building frames are designed in four cases including bare moment frame, moment frame with friction damper, bare semi-rigid frame and semi-rigid frame with friction damper. Dynamic time-history analyses are carried out applying three earthquake records. By observing the results of numerical analyses of structures, one can find out that semi-rigid frame with friction damper have the best performance among studied frames. Obtained results show that using friction damper in the moment frame with semirigid connections compared to the case with rigid connections, maximum first story displacement and base shear decrease respectively 7 and 20%.

Seismic performance of dual steel moment-resisting frames with mixed use of rigid and semi-rigid connections is investigated. To this end, nonlinear seismic response of three groups of frames with three, eight and fifteen story is evaluated. These frames with rigid, semi-rigid and combined configuration of rigid and semi-rigid connections are subjected to five earthquake records and in ultimate limit state of rigid frame, their response is compared. This study shows that in all frames, it can be find a state of semi-rigidity and connections configuration which behaves better than rigid frame, because of base shear and storey drifts. This optimization should be done with respect to the factors such as geometrical and mechanical properties of frame, strength and rigidity of connections and properties of design earthquake record.

Introduction: The arches of foot are an integral part of foot complex. It is supported by ligaments and muscles. Many factors attribute to flattening of these arches. One of those factors is overweight. But the type of flatfoot which is caused due to overweight is not yet clear. Thus this project aims at finding the prevalence of different types of flatfoot due to overweight. Methods: A total of 96 individuals between the age group of 18-35 participated in this study. The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee (IEC). Calculated BMI using qutelet index and flatfoot was determined using foot print. Type of foot print was determined using Toe extension test. Results: The study result indicated that the prevalence of rigid flatfoot was more than flexible flatfoot in overweight individuals. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between BMI and prevalence of rigid and flexible flat foot whereas there is no correlation of the flat foot with age and gender.